Tsatanetsatane wa Zamalonda:

Tepi ya duct ndi mtundu wa tepi yomatira kwambiri yokhala ndi mphamvu yolimba ya peel, mphamvu yamphamvu, kukana mafuta, kukana kukalamba komanso kukana dzimbiri.

Ntchito :

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kusindikiza makatoni, kusokera pamphasa, zomangira zolemetsa ndi zina zotero.Pakali pano, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pafupipafupi pamagalimoto, chassis ndi nduna.

Tepi yotchinga, yomwe imatchedwanso kuti tepi ya bakha, ndi tepi-yosamva kupanikizika kwa nsalu kapena scrim-backed, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakutidwa ndi polyethylene.Pali zomangira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito zomangira ndi zomatira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mawu oti 'tepi yamatepi' amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza mitundu yonse ya matepi ansalu amitundu yosiyanasiyana.Tepi yolumikizira nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi tepi ya gaffer (yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhale yosawonetsa komanso yochotsedwa bwino, mosiyana ndi tepi yolumikizira).Kusiyanitsa kwina ndi tepi yosamva kutentha (osati nsalu) yotchinga yomwe imathandiza potseka ma ducts otentha ndi ozizira, opangidwa chifukwa tepi yofananira imalephera mwachangu ikagwiritsidwa ntchito panjira zotenthetsera.Tepi ya duct nthawi zambiri imakhala ya silvery grey, koma imapezekanso mumitundu ina komanso mapangidwe osindikizidwa.

Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Revolite (omwe anali gulu la Johnson & Johnson) adapanga tepi yomatira yopangidwa kuchokera ku zomatira za raba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nsalu yolimba ya bakha.Tepi imeneyi inkakana madzi ndipo inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tepi yosindikizira pamilandu ina ya zida panthawiyo.

"Tepi ya bakha" inalembedwa mu Oxford English Dictionary kuti yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 1899; "matepi opangira" (omwe amatchedwa "mwinawake kusintha kwa tepi ya bakha) kuyambira 1965.

Mbiri

Chinthu choyamba chotchedwa "tepi ya bakha" chinali nsalu zazitali za bakha wa thonje zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsapato zamphamvu, zokongoletsa pa zovala, ndi zokutira zingwe zachitsulo kapena zoyendetsa magetsi kuti zitetezeke ku dzimbiri kapena kuvala.Mwachitsanzo, m’chaka cha 1902, zingwe zachitsulo zomangira mlatho wa Manhattan Bridge zinakutidwa ndi mafuta a linseed kenako n’kuzikuta ndi tepi ya bakha zisanaziike pamalo ake.M'zaka za m'ma 1910, nsapato zina ndi nsapato zinkagwiritsa ntchito nsalu ya bakha ya canvas pamwamba kapena insole, ndipo tepi ya bakha nthawi zina inkasokedwa kuti ilimbikitse.Mu 1936, bungwe la US-based Insulated Power Cables Engineers Association linatchula kukulunga kwa tepi ya bakha ngati imodzi mwa njira zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza zingwe zamagetsi zokhala ndi mphira.Mu 1942, malo ogulitsira a Gimbel adapereka akhungu a venetian omwe amamangidwa pamodzi ndi mizere yoyima ya tepi ya bakha.Ntchito zonse zomwe tazitchulazi zinali za thonje wamba kapena tepi yansalu yomwe inkabwera popanda zomatira.

Matepi omatira amitundu yosiyanasiyana anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofika zaka za m'ma 1910, kuphatikiza mipukutu ya tepi ya nsalu yokhala ndi zomatira mbali imodzi.Tepi yomatira yoyera yopangidwa ndi nsalu yoviikidwa mu mphira ndi zinc oxide inkagwiritsidwa ntchito m’zipatala kumanga mabala, koma matepi ena monga friction tepi kapena tepi yamagetsi akhoza kulowetsedwa m’malo mwangozi.Mu 1930, magazini yotchedwa Popular Mechanics inafotokoza mmene tingapangire tepi yomatira kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito tepi yansalu yonyowa m’madzi osakaniza a rosini ndi mphira kuchokera m’machubu amkati.

Mu 1923, Richard Gurley Drew yemwe amagwira ntchito ku 3M adapanga masking tepi, tepi yolemba pamapepala yokhala ndi zomatira pang'ono.Mu 1925 iyi idakhala tepi ya masking ya mtundu wa Scotch.Mu 1930, Drew adapanga tepi yowonekera potengera cellophane, yotchedwa Scotch Tape.Tepi iyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuyambira nthawi ya Great Depression kukonza zinthu zapakhomo.Wolemba Scott Berkun adalemba kuti tepi yolumikizira "mwachidziwikire" ndikusintha koyambirira kumeneku ndi 3M.Komabe, chilichonse mwazinthu zomwe Drew adapanga chinali chozikidwa pa tepi ya nsalu.

Lingaliro la zomwe zidakhala tepi yolumikizira zidachokera kwa Vesta Stoudt, wogwira ntchito m'fakitale komanso mayi wa apanyanja awiri apanyanja, omwe anali ndi nkhawa kuti zovuta zokhala ndi zisindikizo zamabokosi a zida zitha kuwonongera asitikali nthawi yamtengo wapatali pankhondo.Analembera Purezidenti Franklin D. Roosevelt mu 1943 ndi lingaliro losindikiza mabokosiwo ndi tepi ya nsalu, yomwe adayesa pafakitale yake.Kalatayo idatumizidwa ku War Production Board, yomwe idayika Johnson & Johnson pantchitoyo.Gulu la Revolite la Johnson & Johnson lidapanga tepi zomatira zamankhwala kuchokera ku nsalu za bakha kuyambira 1927 ndipo gulu lotsogozedwa ndi a Revolite a Johnny Denoye ndi a Johnson & Johnson a Bill Gross adapanga tepi yatsopano yomatira, yopangidwa kuti ing'ambe ndi dzanja, osati kudula ndi lumo.

Chogulitsa chawo chatsopano chomwe sichinatchulidwe dzina chinali chopangidwa ndi bakha wopyapyala wa thonje wokutidwa ndi polyethylene (pulasitiki) wosanjikiza ndi mphira wopangidwa ndi mphira wotuwa (wotchedwa "Polycoat") womangika mbali imodzi.Zinali zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuchotsa, ndipo posakhalitsa zidasinthidwa kukonza zida zankhondo mwachangu, kuphatikiza magalimoto ndi zida.Tepi iyi, yokhala ndi utoto wamtundu wa azitona wamtundu wankhondo, idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi asitikali.Nkhondo itatha, tepi ya bakha idagulitsidwa m'masitolo a hardware kuti akonze nyumba.Kampani ya Melvin A. Anderson ya ku Cleveland, Ohio, inapeza ufulu wa tepiyo mu 1950. Kaŵirikaŵiri inkagwiritsiridwa ntchito pomanga kumangirira mapaipi a mpweya.Kutsatira izi, dzina loti "ma duct tepi" linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za m'ma 1950, pamodzi ndi zinthu za tepi zomwe zinali zotuwa zotuwa ngati malata.Matepi apadera osamva kutentha ndi kuzizira adapangidwa kuti azitenthetsera ndi zoziziritsira mpweya.Pofika m'chaka cha 1960 kampani ya St. Louis, Missouri, HVAC, Albert Arno, Inc., idalemba dzina loti "Ductape" chifukwa cha tepi yawo "yolimbana ndi moto", yomwe imatha kugwirana limodzi pa 350.-400°F (177-204°C).

Mu 1971, Jack Kahl adagula kampani ya Anderson ndikuyitcha kuti Manco.] Mu 1975, Kahl adasinthanso tepi yopangidwa ndi kampani yake.Chifukwa mawu oti "tepi ya bakha" anali atasiya kugwiritsidwa ntchito, [chitsimikiziro cholephera] adatha kuyika chizindikiro cha "Bakha Tape" ndikugulitsa katundu wake wokhala ndi logo ya bakha yachikatuni.Manco anasankha dzina la "Bakha" ngati "sewero loti anthu nthawi zambiri amatcha tepi "tepi ya bakha", komanso ngati kusiyanitsa kwa malonda kuti awonekere motsutsana ndi ogulitsa ena a tepi.Mu 1979, dongosolo la malonda a Duck Tape lidaphatikizapo kutumiza moni makhadi okhala ndi chizindikiro cha bakha, kanayi pachaka, kwa oyang'anira zida za 32,000.Kulumikizana kwakukulu kumeneku kuphatikiza ndi kuyika kokongola, kosavuta kunathandizira Tape ya Bakha kukhala yotchuka.Kuchokera kwa makasitomala omwe anali pafupi ndi ziro Manco pamapeto pake adalamulira 40% ya msika wa tepi ya duct ku US.] Adapezedwa ndi Henkel mu 1998, mu 2009, Duck Tape adagulitsidwa ku Shurtape Technologies, yomwe ili ya banja la Shuford ku North Carolina.Bakha si mtundu wokhawo wa tepi ya Shurtape;zopereka zawo zapamwamba zimatchedwa "T-Rex Tape.""Ultimate Duck", yomwe inali yapamwamba kwambiri ya Henkel, ikugulitsidwabe ku United Kingdom. Ultimate Duck, T-Rex Tape, ndi Gorilla Tape yopikisana nawo onse amalengeza "teknoloji yamitundu itatu".

Atapindula ndi Scotch Tape m'zaka za m'ma 1930, 3M idapanga zida zankhondo panthawi ya WWII, ndipo pofika 1946 idapanga tepi yoyamba yamagetsi yamagetsi.Pofika m'chaka cha 1977, kampaniyo inali kugulitsa tepi yazitsulo zosagwira kutentha kwa ma ducts otentha.Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, gawo la tepi la 3M linali ndi ndalama zokwana $300 miliyoni, mtsogoleri wamakampani aku US.Mu 2004, 3M adapanga tepi yowonekera.

Kupanga

Tepi yamakono yamakono imapangidwa ndi nsalu iliyonse yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti ikhale yolimba.Ulusi kapena ulusi wodzaza nsalu ukhoza kukhala thonje, poliyesitala, nayiloni, rayon kapena fiberglass.Nsaluyo ndi yopyapyala kwambiri yopyapyala yotchedwa "scrim" yomwe imayikidwa mothandizidwa ndi polyethylene yotsika kwambiri (LDPE).Mtundu wa LDPE umaperekedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya inki;mtundu wanthawi zonse wotuwa umachokera ku aluminiyamu yaufa yosakanizidwa mu LDPE.Pali mitundu iwiri ya matepi omwe amapangidwa kawirikawiri: 1.9 mu (48 mm) ndi 2 mu (51 mm).M'lifupi zina zimaperekedwanso.Mipukutu yayikulu kwambiri ya tepi yolumikizira idapangidwa mu 2005 ya Henkel, yokhala ndi mainchesi 3.78 (9.6 cm) m'lifupi, mpukutu wa mainchesi 64 (160 cm) ndikulemera mapaundi 650 (290 kg).

Ntchito wamba

Tepi yolumikizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pakafunika tepi yolimba, yosinthika, komanso yomata kwambiri.Zina zimakhala ndi zomatira zokhalitsa komanso zotsutsana ndi nyengo.

Mtundu wapadera, tepi ya gaffer, yomwe siyisiya zotsalira zomata ikachotsedwa, imakondedwa ndi ochita masewera owonetserako zisudzo, mafilimu oyenda ndi ma TV.

Tepi yojambulidwa, yomwe imaoneka ngati "tepi ya racer", "race tepi" kapena "100 miles pa ola" yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu motorsports kwa zaka zopitirira 40 kukonza ma fiberglass bodywork (mwa zina).Tepi ya Racer imabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti igwirizane nayo ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya utoto.Ku UK, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "tank tepi" pamaseweredwe amoto.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ductwork

Zogulitsa zomwe masiku ano zimatchedwa duct tepi siziyenera kusokonezedwa ndi matepi apadera osindikizira ma ducts otentha ndi mpweya wabwino (HVAC), ngakhale matepiwa amathanso kutchedwa "ma duct tepi."Kuti apereke zambiri za labotale zonena kuti zosindikizira ndi matepi amatha, komanso zomwe zingalephereke, kafukufuku adachitika ku Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technologies Division.Chomaliza chawo chachikulu chinali chakuti munthu sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito tepi kuti asindikize ma ducts (anatanthauzira tepi ngati tepi iliyonse yopangidwa ndi nsalu yokhala ndi zomatira labala).Kuyesa komwe kunachitika kukuwonetsa kuti pansi pazovuta koma zowona, matepi olumikizira amakhala osalimba ndipo amatha kulephera mwachangu, nthawi zina amakhala otayirira kapena kugweratu.

Tepi yolumikizira wamba ilibe zitsimikizo zachitetezo monga UL kapena Proposition 65, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tepiyo imatha kuyaka mwamphamvu, kutulutsa utsi wapoizoni;zingayambitse kuyamwa ndi kukhudzana ndi kawopsedwe;imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zamakina osakhazikika;ndipo zomatira zake zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wocheperako.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake m'mapaipi kwaletsedwa ndi boma la California komanso ndi malamulo omanga m'malo ena ambiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mumlengalenga

Malinga ndi injiniya wa NASA a Jerry Woodfill, msilikali wakale wa NASA wazaka 52, tepi yojambulidwa inali itayikidwa paulendo uliwonse kuyambira pachiyambi cha pulogalamu ya Gemini.

Akatswiri a NASA ndi akatswiri a zakuthambo agwiritsa ntchito tepi panthawi ya ntchito yawo, kuphatikizapo zochitika zina zadzidzidzi.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumodzi kotereku kunachitika mu 1970 pomwe Woodfill anali kugwira ntchito mu Mission Control, pomwe zosefera za carbon dioxide za square kuchokera ku Apollo 13 zinalephera kusinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zotengera zozungulira mu gawo la mwezi, lomwe linali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bwato lopulumutsa moyo pambuyo pa kuphulika. njira yopita ku mwezi.Tepi yolumikizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinthu zina zomwe zidakwera Apollo 13, ogwira ntchito pansi akupereka malangizo kwa oyendetsa ndege.Zopukuta za CO2 za module ya mwezi zinayambanso kugwira ntchito, kupulumutsa miyoyo ya oyenda mumlengalenga atatu omwe anali nawo.

Ed Smylie, yemwe adapanga kusinthidwa kwa scrubber m'masiku awiri okha, adanena pambuyo pake kuti adadziwa kuti vutoli likhoza kuthetsedwa pamene zidatsimikiziridwa kuti tepi ya duct inali pa chombo: "Ndinamva ngati tinali omasuka," adatero mu 2005. Chinthu chimodzi chimene mnyamata waku South sanganene n'chakuti, 'Sindikuganiza kuti tepi yolumikizira ingakonze.'

Tepi ya duct, yomwe imatchedwa "...tepi yabwino yakale yachikale yaku America ..." idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri a zakuthambo Apollo 17 pamwezi kuti akonze kukonzanso kwa fender yomwe yawonongeka pa rover ya mwezi, kuteteza kuwonongeka kotheka kuchokera ku spray. ya fumbi la mwezi pamene ankayendetsa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito usilikali

M'zombo zapamadzi zaku US, tepi yomatira imatchedwa "EB Green," monga tepi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Electric Boat inali yobiriwira.Imatchedwanso "tepi ya bakha", "tepi yowombera", "tepi yamkuntho", kapena "100-mph tepi"-dzina lomwe limachokera ku kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tepi yomwe imayenera kupirira mphepo ya 100 mph (160 km / h; 87 kn) mphepo.Tepiyo idatchulidwa chifukwa idagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo ya Vietnam kukonzanso kapena kusanja ma helikopita.

Ntchito zina

Kutchuka kochulukira kwa tepi ya duct tepi komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kochulukira kwapangitsa kuti ikhale malo amphamvu pachikhalidwe chodziwika bwino, ndipo yalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri zopanga komanso zongoganiza.

Duct tape occlusion therapy (DTOT) ndi njira yochizira njerewere poziphimba ndi tepi yolumikizira kwa nthawi yayitali.Umboni wa mphamvu zake ndi wosauka;motero sikulimbikitsidwa ngati chithandizo chanthawi zonse.Komabe, kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti chithandizo cha tepi cha duct ndichothandiza kwambiri kuposa njira zamankhwala zomwe zilipo kale.Tepi ya duct nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza nsapato chifukwa cha kulimba kwake.

Tepi yamagetsi yagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kwakanthawi nkhani ya Apple ya iPhone 4, m'malo mwa mlandu wa rabala wa Apple.

Mu chikhalidwe chodziwika

The Duct Tape Guys (Jim Berg ndi Tim Nyberg) alemba mabuku asanu ndi awiri onena za tepi yolumikizira, kuyambira 2005. Mabuku awo ogulitsa kwambiri agulitsa makope opitilira 1.5 miliyoni ndipo akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni komanso kosazolowereka kwa tepi yolumikizira.Mu 1994 adapanga mawu akuti "siyinasweka, ilibe tepi yolumikizira".Kuwonjezera pa mawuwa mu 1995 ndi kusindikizidwa kwa bukhu lawo la mafuta WD-40 bukhu linali, "Malamulo awiri amakupangitsani moyo wanu wonse: Ngati wakhazikika ndipo sakuyenera kukhala, WD-40. kukhala, jambulani tepi".Webusaiti yawo ili ndi masauzande ambiri a matepi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira mafashoni mpaka kukonza magalimoto.Kuphatikiza kwa WD-40 ndi tepi yolumikizira nthawi zina kumatchedwa "redneck repair kit".

Sitcom yaku Canada The Red Green Show ya mutu wa mutu wa Red Green Show nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tepi (yomwe adayitcha "chida chobisika cha handyman") ngati njira yachidule yomangira moyenera komanso yogwiritsa ntchito mosagwirizana.Zotsatizanazi nthawi zina zinkawonetsa zojambula za tepi za fan.Zotsatizanazi zinali ndi filimu yochokera pamutu wakuti Duct Tape Forever ndipo zophatikiza zingapo za VHS/DVD zomwe zikuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito tepiyo zatulutsidwa.Kuyambira 2000, nyenyezi Steve Smith (monga "Red Green") wakhala "Ambassador of Scotch Duct Tape" kwa 3M.

Mndandanda wa Discovery Channel MythBusters umakhala ndi tepi yojambulidwa m'nthano zingapo zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mwachikhalidwe.Nthano zotsimikizirika zikuphatikizapo kuyimitsa galimoto kwa nthawi ndithu, kupanga cannon yogwira ntchito, bwato la anthu awiri, bwato la anthu awiri (lokhala ndi tepi zopalasa), ngalawa ya anthu awiri, nsapato zachiroma, seti ya chess, kutayikira. umboni madzi canister, chingwe, hammock kuti angathe kuthandizira kulemera kwa mwamuna wamkulu, atanyamula galimoto m'malo, mlatho kuti unadutsa m'lifupi doko youma, ndi zonse lonse zinchito trebuchet ndi khwawa tepi monga binder yekha.Mu gawo la "Duct Tape Plane", a MythBusters adakonza (ndipo pomaliza pake adasintha) khungu la ndege yopepuka ndi tepi yolumikizira ndikuwulutsa mamita angapo pamwamba pa msewu wonyamukira ndege.

Chiwonetsero chawayilesi cha Garrison Keillor A Prairie Home Companion chimaphatikizanso zotsatsa zopeka zothandizidwa ndi "American Duct Tape Council".